FUELS AND LUBRICANTS TECHNOLOGY


General Info



Course Content / Syllabus


The course starts with an introduction to energy, conventional energy sources and conventional fuels, solids, liquids and gases. Reference is made to crude oil, key refinery processes and its major derivatives. Oil products and specifications of all transport fuels are studied: gasoline and its specifications, octane number and correlation with the operation of gasoline engines, kerosene and aviation fuels, gasoline and its specifications, cetane number and correlation with the operation of diesel engines. Subsequently, marine fuels, distillation fractions and residuals, their properties and basic qualitative characteristics, kinematic viscosity, density, ignition point, cetane index, water content, sulfur content, etc. are analyzed. A brief historical evolution of the specifications of marine fuels to the most recent ones is described. Reference is made to the phenomenon of combustion, and its harmful emissions are correlated with the above characteristics of marine fuels. Reference is also made to key issues of transport, storage and management of marine fuels. Renewable substitutes for liquid fuels, bioethanol and biodiesel are then analyzed. Reference is made to natural gas, in compressed and liquefied form (i.e. CNG, LNG) with particular emphasis on LNG, as an important marine fuel and the Wobbe index. The uses of LPG and methanol are also studied as marine fuels. There is also a brief reference to solid fuels and their applications. With regard to lubricants, the production, properties and types of lubricants (mineral oils, synthetic lubricants) are analyzed, with emphasis on their specifications. Their relations to the lubrication mechanisms are mentioned, as well as issues related to their selection, maintenance and storage. References are made to the interaction of fuels and lubricants in marine engines and to the diagnostic significance of used lubricants in the assessment of failures. Finally, reference is made to the regeneration of used lubricants, as well as to lubricating greases.


Course Outline



  1. G.B. = General Background, S.B. = special background, S.: Specialised.↩︎